Effect of Stamp Duty + Advertising TBC

Curran and Seaton argue in their book *Insert title* against the narrative that the Stamp Duty Act in 1851 helped liberate the press, in fact it lead to the decrease of radical and leftist views in the press. This was also stated in Chomsky's and Herrmann's Manufacturing Consent.

Examples in the 20th Century:

• The Daily Herald relaunched as The Sun  in 1964, taken over by billionaire of Rupert Murdoch in 1969, in corporate power
• News Chronicle absorbed into The Daily Mail
• Reynold's News, sunday paper turned into tabloid Sunday Citizen in 1962, final issue in 1967

From this source:

In 1800, four main daily newspapers were being published in London, of roughly equal importance: the Morning Post; the Morning Chronicle; the Morning Herald and The Times. The Morning Post had recruited the services of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who wrote for the paper regularly from 1795 until 1802, and such was the impact of his work, that the circulation of the paper rose to 4,500 copies by 1802.⁴ The Morning Post was said to be the preferred reading of the aristocracy, and its circulation remained largely steady, with some 3,000 copies being sold in 1847. The Morning Chronicle(started in 1765) was originally a Whig paper, but was purchased by a consortium of Peelites in 1848.⁵ The Standard was started in 1827 as an evening paper with Conservative views. It specifically opposed Catholic Emancipation.⁶ In later years, The Standard became one of the principal conservative daily newspapers.

...