Media Regulation: August 2017

1939
Political censorship affectively goes to the Ministry of Information

1951
X rating replaces the H rating

1982
November - 18 rating replaces X rating

1984
Changed to British Board of Film CLASSIFICATION.

Thursday, 24 August 2017

1997

Labour Manifesto

2001

Labour Manifesto

The infrastructure of the future includes fast, efficient and affordable communication – telecommunications, the internet and broadcasting. That requires the best competitive environment, effective regulation and continued public and private investment in the technologies of the future.A 'digital divide' would hurt business as well as individuals: universal access is vital to effective markets. We will put all government services on-line by 2005, to improve access to services and spur business on-line. We will work to ensure that broadband, which allows fast internet access, is accessible in all parts of the country.English is the language of the internet. We have the best TV in the world. The next challenge is to open up the learning opportunities and enjoyment offered by digital TV and the internet to every household. We are committed to making the switchover from analogue to digital signals as soon as conditions for access and cost have been met.The governance of this fast-changing industry is out of date. We will merge the five separate regulators into one, to create the world's most competitive and advanced regulatory system. We believe in the value and necessity of public service broadcasting and have committed to major funding increases for the BBC and to supporting a publicly owned Channel 4 and S4C. Ofcom will ensure a level playing field, benefiting consumers in terms of choice, price and quality, in particular through promoting competition.

2015

Conservative Manifesto
Labour Manifesto

2017

Conservative Manifesto
Labour Manifesto

TERMINOLOGY

Access

Advertising

Anti-Communism And Fear

Broadcasting

Broadsheet

Censorship

Circulation

Citizen

Civilian

Classification

Communism

Content

Convergence

Democracy

Demographic

Deregulation

Digitisation

Fourth Sector/Fourth Estate

Flak

Freedom Of Speech

Free Market

Free Trade

Gutter Press

Hypodermic Syringe Model

Laissez-Fire

Libel

Left-Wing Vs Right-Wing

Mogul

Moral Panic

Nationalisation (Denationalisation, Denationalisation)

Ownership

Paparazzi

Pressure Group

Private Vs Public Sector

Privatisation

Propaganda

Propaganda Model

Public

Public Interest

Quango

quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation

Readership

Sector

Self-regulation

Sensationalism

Statutory

Supernatural

Super regulator

Tabloid

Telecommunications

Viewing Figures/Ratings

TV/Film Content Age Rating Wider Context

TV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_content_rating_system

Film
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system

JMK vs BBFC

Wednesday, 23 August 2017

TIMELINE OF NEWSPAPERS ESTABLISHED

1785 - The Times

1791 - The Observer

1821 - The Guardian

1827 - London Evening Standard

1842 - The Sunday Times

1855 - The Daily Telegraph

1870 - City Shuttle

1881 - Sunday People

1888 - Financial Times

1896 - Daily Mail

1900 - Daily Express

1903 - Daily Mirror

1915 - Sunday Mirror

1918 - Sunday Express

1930 - Morning Star

1964 - The Sun

1961 - The Sunday Telegraph

1978 - Daily Star

1982 - The Mail On Sunday

1999 - Metro

1999 - Asian Express

2002 - Daily Star Sunday

2005 - City AM

2010 - i

2012 - The Sun On Sunday

2013 - Yorkshire Reporter

2016 - The New European

BBFC Created Through Christian Hegemony & Tabloid Pressure?

BBFC TIMELINE

1909 - Cinematograph Act

1912 - From The Mangers To The Cross Released

1912 - BBFC (British Board of Film CENSORS) established

1 January 1913 - Begins operating

1939-45 - Political censorship affectively goes to the Ministry of Information

1984 - Changed to British Board of Film CLASSIFICATION.

Wikipedia page on BBFC:

The BBFC was established in late 1912 as the British Board of Film Censors by members of the film industry, who would rather manage their own censorship than have national or local government do it for them. The immediate impetus for the Board's formation stemmed from the furore surrounding the release in the UK in October 1912 of the film From the Manger to the Cross, about the life of Jesus. The film, shown at the Queen's Hall, London, gained considerable publicity from a great outcry in the Daily Mail, which demanded: "Is nothing sacred to the film maker?", and waxed indignant about the profits for its American film producers.^[5]Although the clergy were invited to see it and found little to be affronted by,^[5] the controversy resulted in the voluntary creation of the BBFC, which began operating on 1 January 1913.^[6]

From the film's entry on Wikipedia

From the Manger to the Cross gained considerable publicity from an outcry in the Daily Mail: "Is nothing sacred to the film maker?" it demanded, and waxed indignant about the profits for its American film producers.^[4] Although the clergy were invited to see it and found little to be affronted by, the controversy resulted in the voluntary creation of the British Board of Film Censors which began operating on 1 January 1913.^[12]^[13]

From an entry from the Royal Albert Hall website:

Although the sensitive religious subject matter had been approved by members of the clergy before release, and nearly all reviews of the film were positive both for its cinematic qualities and its artistic excellence, opponents including The Daily Mail declared “Is nothing sacred to the film maker?”. The controversy surrounding the film led to the creation of the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC), an organisation which the film trade itself created to forestall official censorship.

https://archive.org/stream/miracleofmovies00lesl#page/162/mode/2up

- http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15885&LangID=E
- http://www.unhcr.org/uk/protection/operations/56bb369c9/press-coverage-refugee-migrant-crisis-eu-content-analysis-five-european.html

Tuesday, 22 August 2017

POSTS ON BBC

Sunday, 20 August 2017

BBC Music Regulation

A list on wikipedia for the songs banned by the BBC:

DING DONG THE WITCH IS DEAD:

Opinion that it isn't the BBC's job to ban the song:

...

Article by Spiegel.

Saturday, 19 August 2017

UNDERSTANDING THE PRESS #1 - The Daily Mail

- The founders
- The different owners throughout time
- Current ownership
- The first journalist
- Various journalists
Class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, education (school= private, Grammar School, comprehensive, uni=Oxbridge, Russell Group or not)
- Biggest scoops

CURRENT JOURNALISTS

Cassie Carpenter
(list of articles)

PRESS ON VIOLENCE

IN GERMANY
http://www.zeit.de/kultur/film/2017-07/baby-driver-edgar-wright-film

SOCIAL MEDIA Banana Up Erdogan & Trump removed

A banana up the backside of Trump and Erdogan was forcibly removed from Twitter, double standard with politicians?

Need to ask the people from the European Art Academy in Trier for the details again, hard to find online.

Monday, 7 August 2017

YouTube vs BBFC HYPOCRISY

This video was allowed to be on YouTube with no warning of explicit content

Does animation make the violence and sexually explicit (as well as objectifying and sexist) elements justifiable?

Does the fact it is animals make it justifiable?

Does this make all the regulation against violence and sex in film and TV and therefore the work of the BBFC and OfCom invalid as well as other regulators of fictional media around the world?

How come a video about underprivileged people living on the street is given flak and effectively banned but a video like this is fine?

These are videos where you do not need to log in, and many of them are not marked with Explicit Content.

VIOLENCE
The hints that there is adult content in this video due to the club setting will go over the heads of younger viewers

SEXUALITY
...

Two versions were filmed for this video, the word "Unrated Version" however doesn't anchor the explicit content.

(There is the argument that the nudity and sexual interaction is tongue-and-cheek, see this interview on Fox News with one of the female actors used and interview with the female director Diane Martel)
...

Could be also read as mocking the very important issue of safe sex for the teen audience

...

The use of a muppet in the sexual encounter could be said to make it not as explicit, however through some shots it is clear that it is signifying a proper human sexual encounter:

The negative filter hides it, but there is consumption of alcohol, sexual encounter
...

SEXUAL VIOLENCE
This particular useful example due to the tween audience of this pop rock band:

...

VIDS THAT WERE RATED EXPLICIT

The same way indie films seem to be treated harsher than studio films, are more mainstream, mass-appealing acts favoured despite explicit content in their music videos?

Was/IS MTV a better regulator of music videos than YouTube now is?

Sunday, 6 August 2017

SOCIAL MEDIA Opinions on Regulation

Social media as a public utility (see wiki entry here)

https://www.nypl.org/blog/2010/06/30/social-media-public-expectation

https://www.businesslive.co.za/redzone/news-insights/2017-03-24-can-social-media-be-regulated/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/collegeofjournalism/entries/81cc6ff0-6df2-35e9-a88c-dfe2dc8b31b9

http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=159984

http://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/02/26/17/the-pros-and-cons-of-regulating-social-media

http://ewn.co.za/2017/03/07/should-social-media-be-regulated

http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/06/18/regulating-social-media-in-may-deadly-caste-clashes-led-north-indian-authorities-to-block-social-med/

VIDEO-ON-DEMAND: Regulation of Netflix

http://thehill.com/policy/technology/274847-fcc-in-agreement-agency-cant-regulate-netflixhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk

Opinion piece by The Telegraph. on the decision by the EU

...

Saturday, 5 August 2017

PRESS Hugh Grant as Campaigner

Hugh Grant is one of the prominent campaigners for press regulation I light of the Phone Hacking Scandal and the Leveson Inquiry, taking on Rupert Murdoch

One could accuse him of hypocrisy by starring in a film owned by Rupert Murdoch's 20th Century Fox, however he said in this article by Digital Spy he regrets it.

...

Friday, 4 August 2017

Examples of OfCom Regulation

Cases include Wolverine, Gavin & Stacey, The Only Way Is Essex, read here.

Notice no radio cases here.

YouTube Playlists

Monday, 28 August 2017

Friday, 25 August 2017

Broadcasting Standards Commission